Temperature increases due to climate change induce heat stress in livestock, resulting in economic losses for farmers. This study investigated the physiological responses of Hanwoo cattle to heat stress, and the effects of heat stress on the vaginal microbiome. Four…
The aim of this study was to determine whether the inclusion of a marine algae found in South African waters, Ulva lactuca, can reduce total gas and methane production in vitro when it replaces lucerne hay in a mixed sheep…
The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional changes in silages of four sorghum hybrids at different storage times. The design was a completely randomized in a 4 × 9 arrangement of plots with four replications. The four…
Forages play an important role in ruminant animal production worldwide. Unlocking the nutritional potential of poor-quality tropical forages with fibrolytic enzymes would improve forage digestibility and utilization. Using in vitro and in vivo methods this study investigated the effect of…
Garlic contains secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties that can alter nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation, similar to other antimicrobial products. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of garlic powder and garlic juice on in vitro nutrient…
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the growth and in vitro fermentation of cellulolytic, glycolytic, and amylolytic microorganisms from the rumen…
The study determined the potential of eight locally produced protein sources to replace soybean meal (SBM) in the diet of sheep. Three in vivo digestibility trials were conducted using a Latin square (3x3, 4x4 and 4x4) experimental design with castrated…
The effects of various drying procedures of alfalfa forage were evaluated on chemical composition, in vitro neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, in situ DM, organic matter and crude protein (CP) degradability. The alfalfa had been harvested…
In ruminant livestock, rumen undegradable protein (RUP) derived from the diet and microbial protein synthesized in the rumen are essential for animal survival, maintenance, growth, production, and reproduction. RUP is influenced by diet composition, physical form, and ruminal metabolism. Here,…
Wasted cladodes from the cactus pear (Opuntia ficus spp.) are an environmental nuisance, and alternative measures are required to utilize this product, such as utilizing it as a ruminant feedstuff. By simulating ruminal fermentation through in vitro gas production, the…
The main objection against conventional net energy systems is that owing to variation in gain composition and the different energy contents of protein and fat, the efficiency of energy gain cannot be regarded as a growth constant. The present approach…
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) on the ruminal disappearance of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), crude protein (CP) and on the microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in sheep…
The digestibility of organic matter (DOM) of material selected by cattle, Boer goats, Dorper and Merino sheep on natural Karoo pasture was investigated. A highly significant difference (P ≤ 0,01) in DOM selected between years, with an interclass (animal types)…
A method of estimating the exogenous contribution to the duodenal amino acid supply in ruminants, based upon in vitro fermentation, is proposed. Analyses of five grass varieties, maize and maize/grass mixtures by the proposed method, reveals that in all cases…
Diet selection and intake by cattle, goats and sheep was related to climatic factors by principal-component analysis. Digestibility of selected material and digestible organic matter intake per metabolic size (DOMI/kg W0.75) were significantly correlated to a principal component combining rainfall,…
The nitrogen (N) content of material selected by cattle, Boer goats, Dorper and Merino sheep on natural Karoo pasture was investigated. A pronounced seasonal variation in the N content of selected material was found. No correspondence was recorded between the…
The experiments reported in this series were designed to investigate the metabolism of lysine, leucine and methionine in lambs fed roughage diets supplemented with various levels of protein. and to compare these amino acids as tracers of whole-body protein metabolism…
The mineral composition of poultry manure and litter from poultry enterprises throughout South Africa was determined. The manure contained high concentrations of macro and micro minerals. Ash content levels in more than 40% of the Breeder and Pullet litter and…
