Prevention and control of diseases should be prioritized to boost production efficiency and avert the collapse of pig enterprises. The application of biosecurity measures encompasses all aspects of preventing pathogens from entering and spreading within a population of animals. The objectives of the study were to appraise the adoption level of biosecurity practices in a smallholder pig production system and determine the variables associated with them. A sample of 57 pig enterprises was randomly selected and a pre-tested structured questionnaire was deployed to gather data. The adoption level (AL) of biosecurity measures was used to quantify the extent of biosecurity practices. An AL <50% was defined as a low level of biosecurity practices, whereas AL ≥50% was a high level. Descriptive statistics, nonparametric test and a classification tree model were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that 59.6% of pig enterprises had a low level, while 40.4% had a high level of adoption of biosecurity practices. There was a significant association between gender, age, and pig production training with biosecurity levels. The predictive tree model identified age, pig management training, farming status and age as the best predictors of response variables. There was also a significant association between some biosecurity measures and the level of biosecurity. The predictive tree model further singled out the isolation area, production and health records, and footbath as the best predictors of response variables. An inference based on the results was that the risks of disease outbreaks were high in the study area.Maoba, 2022 Vol 15 (1)