The global livestock sector is undergoing substantial transformation, driven by the need to improve production efficiency, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare in response to growing demand for animal-derived protein. Precision livestock farming (PLF) has emerged as a paradigm shift from conventional herd-level management to data-driven systems that enable continuous monitoring and management of individual animals. This review synthesises current knowledge and emerging applications of PLF technologies worldwide, with a focus on the South African beef industry, which exhibits a dual production structure comprising both emerging and commercial farming systems. The integration of sensor technologies, automated systems, and advanced data analytics facilitates real-time monitoring of physiological, behavioural, and environmental parameters. Key applications, including radio frequency identification for animal identification and traceability, global positioning system technologies and accelerometers for spatial and behavioural monitoring, and automated feeding systems, are discussed in relation to intensive feedlot operations and extensive rangeland systems. The contribution of these technologies to improving traceability, supporting quality assurance, and enhancing biosecurity within the beef value chain is also highlighted. Strategies addressing the challenges of commercial rangeland systems and emerging smallholder farms are reviewed, highlighting current limitations. Despite challenges associated with implementation costs, data integration, and rural connectivity, PLF offers opportunities to enhance productivity, resource-use efficiency, and sustainability. Adoption of these technologies is critical for the South African beef industry to meet national production goals, strengthen competitiveness, and respond to global market and sustainability demands. The benefits of PLF technology can be made available to the smallholder and emerging sectors through tailor-made financing and technical support.

(Submitted 15 January 2026; Accepted 9 April 2026; Published 03 June 2026)